Total Complaints
166 filings
VOLVO S40 · model year
166 NHTSA complaints, 16 crash reports, and 1 active recall for this specific cohort.
NHTSA overall rating
Not crash-tested
New Car Assessment Program
The 2000VOLVOS40 carries 166 consumer safety complaints in NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation database for this specific model-year cohort. Within that volume, owners reported 16 crashes, 1 fire, 4 injuries, and 0 fatalities. No NCAP 5-star crash-test rating is available for this model year in the federal database.
Component-level analysis is where model-year complaints become actionable: the top complaint category for the 2000 S40 is vehicle speed control with 17 filings, followed by service brakes, hydraulic:antilock/traction control/electronic limited slip (11) and service brakes, hydraulic (10). Concentration in one or two component groups is the classic signature of a systemic defect; a flat distribution usually reflects normal aging, warranty complaints, or isolated build-plant variability. This model year has 1 active recall campaign, which means the manufacturer is obligated to remedy the covered defect at no charge for the life of the vehicle — the full NHTSA campaign numbers are listed below.
NHTSA currently has 28 investigation files overlapping the 2000 S40. Owners comparing this cohort against neighboring years should pair the counters above with the complaint-by-year trend on the parent model page — a spike in a single year often tracks to a platform refresh, a new transmission supplier, or an updated ECU calibration. Use the related-complaint feed below to read raw owner narratives before deciding whether any pattern here affects your specific use case.
Total Complaints
166 filings
Crashes Reported
16 reports
Source
NHTSA ODI
Federal complaints database
At or below the fleet median complaint volume.
| Component | Count |
|---|---|
| VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL | 17 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:ANTILOCK/TRACTION CONTROL/ELECTRONIC LIMITED SLIP | 11 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC | 10 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS | 9 |
| EXTERIOR LIGHTING:HEADLIGHTS | 8 |
| SUSPENSION:FRONT | 5 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:POWER ASSIST:VACUUM | 5 |
| UNKNOWN OR OTHER | 4 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC | 4 |
| ELECTRICAL SYSTEM | 4 |
| SUSPENSION | 4 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:POWER ASSIST | 3 |
| AIR BAGS | 3 |
| VISIBILITY:WINDSHIELD WIPER/WASHER | 3 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC:PADS | 3 |
SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:POWER ASSIST:VACUUM
ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES, WATER CAN ENTER THE ELECTRICAL BRAKE VACUUM PUMP, CAUSING THE PUMP TO FAIL.
This is to describe airbag injuries. My car performed well. If not for the airbag and good construction of this Volvo I would not be here to ask for your help. I am wondering why we still use explosive materials and a device that causes so many injuries. There has to be another device to absorb the force of impact than an explosive device that injures, maim, and can kill people. I want to send images of my injuries which are extensive. Is this what happens each time the airbags ignite? I was close due to my small stature. The bag hit me in the chest and face. Volvo is a safe car. I was traveling at 55mph, a woman stopped her car in the passing lane feet in front of me, everyone was doing 55 mph and more. There was nowhere to go to escape the impact. Frederick, MD Hwy 15 South at 7th Street has many oncoming ramps, there needs to be warning about oncoming and stopped vehicles. The speed limit is 65mph before these fast-moving on-ramps. A flashing light would also help.
THE CAR HAS PROBLEMS STARTING AND TAKES A FEW TRIES BEFORE STARTING UP. HAVE ALSO HAD A PROBLEM WHERE THE CAR WAS IN PARK WITH THE PARKING BRAKE ENGAGED AND THE CAR WAS REVVING ON ITS OWN. THERE HAVE ALSO BEEN PROBLEMS WHILE THE CAR HAS BEEN SLOWING DOWN ON THE FREEWAY, SPECIFICALLY WHEN THE BRAKES ARE BEING ENGAGED THE CAR WILL ATTEMPT TO MOVE FORWARD AS THOUGH IT IS TRYING TO PUSH PASS THE FACT THAT THE BRAKES ARE BEING ENGAGED. AS WELL AS THE CAR WILL ACCELERATE FASTER THAN THE GAS PEDAL IS BEING PUSHED E.G WHEN THE GAS PEDAL IS SLIGHTLY PUSHED THE CAR WILL ACCELERATE QUICKLY AS THOUGH THE GAS PEDAL WAS BEING PUSHED UPON FIRMLY.
Mileage: 148,800
THE CAR HAS PROBLEMS STARTING AND TAKES A FEW TRIES BEFORE STARTING UP. HAVE ALSO HAD A PROBLEM WHERE THE CAR WAS IN PARK WITH THE PARKING BRAKE ENGAGED AND THE CAR WAS REVVING ON ITS OWN. THERE HAVE ALSO BEEN PROBLEMS WHILE THE CAR HAS BEEN SLOWING DOWN ON THE FREEWAY, SPECIFICALLY WHEN THE BRAKES ARE BEING ENGAGED THE CAR WILL ATTEMPT TO MOVE FORWARD AS THOUGH IT IS TRYING TO PUSH PASS THE FACT THAT THE BRAKES ARE BEING ENGAGED. AS WELL AS THE CAR WILL ACCELERATE FASTER THAN THE GAS PEDAL IS BEING PUSHED E.G WHEN THE GAS PEDAL IS SLIGHTLY PUSHED THE CAR WILL ACCELERATE QUICKLY AS THOUGH THE GAS PEDAL WAS BEING PUSHED UPON FIRMLY.
Mileage: 148,800
THE CAR HAS PROBLEMS STARTING AND TAKES A FEW TRIES BEFORE STARTING UP. HAVE ALSO HAD A PROBLEM WHERE THE CAR WAS IN PARK WITH THE PARKING BRAKE ENGAGED AND THE CAR WAS REVVING ON ITS OWN. THERE HAVE ALSO BEEN PROBLEMS WHILE THE CAR HAS BEEN SLOWING DOWN ON THE FREEWAY, SPECIFICALLY WHEN THE BRAKES ARE BEING ENGAGED THE CAR WILL ATTEMPT TO MOVE FORWARD AS THOUGH IT IS TRYING TO PUSH PASS THE FACT THAT THE BRAKES ARE BEING ENGAGED. AS WELL AS THE CAR WILL ACCELERATE FASTER THAN THE GAS PEDAL IS BEING PUSHED E.G WHEN THE GAS PEDAL IS SLIGHTLY PUSHED THE CAR WILL ACCELERATE QUICKLY AS THOUGH THE GAS PEDAL WAS BEING PUSHED UPON FIRMLY.
Mileage: 148,800
THIS HAPPENED YESTERDAY 1/28/16 AND IN APRIL 2015 (THE DEALERSHIP "FIXED IT" BUT IT DIDN'T WORK!!!!) YESTERDAY, WHILE DRIVING HOME FROM WORK, THE CAR DID THE SCARIEST THING I'VE EVER EXPERIENCED WHILE DRIVING. ALL THE LIGHTS ON THE DASH, ALL THE WARNING LIGHTS FLASHED SEVERAL TIMES AND THE CAR CAME TO A COMPLETE STANDSTILL. NO POWER AT ALL. IT DIDN'T SLOW TO A STALL, NO WEIRD SOUNDS...IT JUST LITERALLY STOPPED IN IT'S TRACKS. RIGHT THERE, IN THE ROAD. ALL OF A SUDDEN MY CAR SHUT OFF. WHEN I SAY SHUT OFF I MEAN THE HEADLIGHTS, DOME LIGHTS, ENGINE....ANYTHING THAT WAS ELECTRICAL COMPLETELY SHUT OFF. THIS WOULD INCLUDE THE STEERING WHEEL LOCKING UP. IMAGINE DRIVING ON THE FREEWAY/HIGHWAY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT WITH TRAFFIC AROUND YOU AND YOUR LIGHTS GOING OUT, STEERING WHEEL LOCKING AND HAVING NO WAY TO CONTROL THE VEHICLE. THIS COULD HAVE KILLED ME AND MY BABY. LAST NIGHT, I HAS NIGHTMARES ALL NIGHT LONG OF THAT HAPPENING ON THE FREEWAY OR THE TRESTLE WITH MY BABY. WHERE I
Mileage: 103,000
THIS HAPPENED YESTERDAY 1/28/16 AND IN APRIL 2015 (THE DEALERSHIP "FIXED IT" BUT IT DIDN'T WORK!!!!) YESTERDAY, WHILE DRIVING HOME FROM WORK, THE CAR DID THE SCARIEST THING I'VE EVER EXPERIENCED WHILE DRIVING. ALL THE LIGHTS ON THE DASH, ALL THE WARNING LIGHTS FLASHED SEVERAL TIMES AND THE CAR CAME TO A COMPLETE STANDSTILL. NO POWER AT ALL. IT DIDN'T SLOW TO A STALL, NO WEIRD SOUNDS...IT JUST LITERALLY STOPPED IN IT'S TRACKS. RIGHT THERE, IN THE ROAD. ALL OF A SUDDEN MY CAR SHUT OFF. WHEN I SAY SHUT OFF I MEAN THE HEADLIGHTS, DOME LIGHTS, ENGINE....ANYTHING THAT WAS ELECTRICAL COMPLETELY SHUT OFF. THIS WOULD INCLUDE THE STEERING WHEEL LOCKING UP. IMAGINE DRIVING ON THE FREEWAY/HIGHWAY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT WITH TRAFFIC AROUND YOU AND YOUR LIGHTS GOING OUT, STEERING WHEEL LOCKING AND HAVING NO WAY TO CONTROL THE VEHICLE. THIS COULD HAVE KILLED ME AND MY BABY. LAST NIGHT, I HAS NIGHTMARES ALL NIGHT LONG OF THAT HAPPENING ON THE FREEWAY OR THE TRESTLE WITH MY BABY. WHERE I
Mileage: 103,000
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 VOLVO S40. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE DRIVING AT VARIOUS SPEEDS, THE VEHICLE ACCELERATED INDEPENDENTLY WITHOUT WARNING. THE CONTACT MENTIONED THAT THE BRAKE PEDAL WAS DEPRESSED IN ORDER TO SLOW DOWN OR STOP THE VEHICLE. THE FAILURE OCCURRED ON MULTIPLE OCCASIONS. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT DIAGNOSED OR REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 99,900.
Mileage: 99,900
I WAS STOPPED AT A RED LIGHT BEHIND SEVERAL CARS. THE LIGHT TURNED GREEN AND I TOOK MY FOOT OFF THE BRAKE, BUT DID NOT PUT MY FOOT ON THE ACCELERATOR. THE CAR ENGINE REVVED UP AND LURCHED FORWARD DESPITE ME ATTEMPTING TO BRAKE HEAVILY. THE BRAKES WOULD NOT FULLY DECOMPRESS CAUSING ME TO REAR END THE VEHICLE IN FRONT OF ME. I PURCHASED THE CAR USED WITH 134,100 MILES. I NOTICED ABOUT 5 MONTHS AFTER PURCHASE THAT THE ENGINE WOULD REV AND THE RPM'S WOULD REMAIN HIGH WITHOUT PRESSING ON THE ACCELERATOR AND THE CAR WILL MOVE APPROXIMATELY 10-15 MPH WITHOUT PRESSING ON THE ACCELERATOR. WHEN ROADS ARE WET OR WHEN IT HAS BEEN RAINING, THE CAR IS DIFFICULT IN BRAKING AND THE BRAKES OFTEN "FREEZE" WHERE THE BRAKE PEDAL CANNOT BE DEPRESSED. BRAKES WERE REPLACED, BUT THE ISSUE PERSISTS. ALSO, AT TIMES, THE CAR ENGINE CONTINUES TO REV WHEN PRESSING ON THE BRAKES. LASTLY, THE ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON, IT WAS INDICATED VIA A DIAGNOSTIC TEST THAT THERE WAS A MISFIRE WITH ONE OF THE SPARK PLUG CO
Mileage: 151,000
I WAS STOPPED AT A RED LIGHT BEHIND SEVERAL CARS. THE LIGHT TURNED GREEN AND I TOOK MY FOOT OFF THE BRAKE, BUT DID NOT PUT MY FOOT ON THE ACCELERATOR. THE CAR ENGINE REVVED UP AND LURCHED FORWARD DESPITE ME ATTEMPTING TO BRAKE HEAVILY. THE BRAKES WOULD NOT FULLY DECOMPRESS CAUSING ME TO REAR END THE VEHICLE IN FRONT OF ME. I PURCHASED THE CAR USED WITH 134,100 MILES. I NOTICED ABOUT 5 MONTHS AFTER PURCHASE THAT THE ENGINE WOULD REV AND THE RPM'S WOULD REMAIN HIGH WITHOUT PRESSING ON THE ACCELERATOR AND THE CAR WILL MOVE APPROXIMATELY 10-15 MPH WITHOUT PRESSING ON THE ACCELERATOR. WHEN ROADS ARE WET OR WHEN IT HAS BEEN RAINING, THE CAR IS DIFFICULT IN BRAKING AND THE BRAKES OFTEN "FREEZE" WHERE THE BRAKE PEDAL CANNOT BE DEPRESSED. BRAKES WERE REPLACED, BUT THE ISSUE PERSISTS. ALSO, AT TIMES, THE CAR ENGINE CONTINUES TO REV WHEN PRESSING ON THE BRAKES. LASTLY, THE ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON, IT WAS INDICATED VIA A DIAGNOSTIC TEST THAT THERE WAS A MISFIRE WITH ONE OF THE SPARK PLUG CO
Mileage: 151,000
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 VOLVO S40. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE TRAVELING 30 MPH THE VEHICLE'S SPEED ERRONEOUSLY INCREASED TO 55 MPH. THE CONTACT FIRMLY DEPRESSED THE BRAKE PEDAL TO STOP THE VEHICLE. THE CONTACT MERGED TO THE SIDE OF THE ROAD TO RESTART THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE THEN FUNCTIONED AS NORMAL. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO A MECHANIC WHERE IT WAS FOUND THAT THE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR HAD FAILED. THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED. THE FAILURE RECURRED SEVERAL TIMES AFTER THE REPAIR. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 95,000 AND THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 96,828. UPDATED 11/13/12 *CN THE IDLE CONTROL VALVE AS REPLACED TO CORRECT THE PROBLEM. HOWEVER, THE CONSUMER CONTINUED TO EXPERIENCE PROBLEMS. UPDATED 11/19/12
Mileage: 95,000
IT WAS CLOSE TO 9PM. I HAD EXITED THE FREEWAY TO STOP IN A PARKING LOT TO CHECK DIRECTIONS. I HAD BEEN DRIVING FOR ABOUT AN HOUR, SO I GOT OUT TO WALK AROUND AND BUY A CUP OF COFFEE. I CAME BACK A FEW MINUTES LATER AND DROVE OUT OF THE LOT. THE ON RAMP WAS ABOUT 200 YARDS AWAY AND THERE WAS A RED LIGHT AT THE INTERSECTION, SO I WAS ONLY MOVING AT AROUND 20MPH. I WAS THE ONLY CAR IN MY LANE, SO ABOUT 100 FEET AWAY FROM THE INTERSECTION I PRESSED DOWN ON MY BRAKE PEDAL, BUT THE FOR SOME REASON IT THE CAR KEPT ROLLING. I TRIED AGAIN, BUT THE BRAKES WERE NO HELP AS I KEPT ROLLING. FRANTICALLY, I STOMPED HARD, FLOORED THE BRAKES, AND MY CAR STARTED TO SLOW DOWN A LITTLE, BUT THAT TIME IT WAS TOO LATE. I TRIED TO TURN TO THE RIGHT TO AVOID THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC, BUT AN INSTANT LATER I HAD HIT AN ONCOMING CAR. I DON'T KNOW WHAT WENT WRONG. I AM PRETTY GOOD AT MAINTAINING THE CAR AND IT HAD BEEN SERVICED AT THE VOLVO DEALER FAIRLY RECENTLY. IT'S ONLY GARAGED ABOUT HALF THE TIME, BUT I LIVE IN S
Mileage: 151,278
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 VOLVO S40. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE WOULD ACCELERATE ABNORMALLY WITHOUT DEPRESSING THE ACCELERATOR PEDAL. THE FAILURE OCCURRED INTERMITTENTLY WHETHER DRIVING IN REVERSE OR GOING FORWARD, AS WELL AS WHEN SITTING AT A COMPLETE STOP. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER WHO ADVISED THAT THEY NEED TO REPAIR THE ELECTRONIC THROTTLE CONTROL, IDLE CONTROL VALVE AND THE BRAKE SYSTEM. THE REPAIRS WERE NOT COMPLETED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 74,000.
Mileage: 74,000
WHILE DRIVING THE VEHICLE THE REAR OF THE VEHICLE SWAYED & THERE WAS A CLUNKING SOUND THAT WAS HEARD. UPON INSPECTION THE REAR COIL SPRINGS WERE BROKEN ON BOTH SIDES. WHILE DRIVING THE CAR LAST WEEK WITH JUST 130,000 MILES THE FRONT END STARTED CLUNKING. UPON INSPECTION THE FRONT COIL SPRINGS WERE ALSO FOUND BROKEN.
Mileage: 100,000
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 VOLVO S40. THE CONTACT STATED WITH HIS FOOT ON THE BRAKE PEDAL THERE WAS AN INCREASE IN ENGINE RPMS AND THE VEHICLE LUNGED FORWARD. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT TAKEN TO THE DEALER FOR DIAGNOSTIC TESTING. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE FAILURE AND CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 130,000.
Mileage: 130,000
I WAS PULLING INTO MY PARKING GARAGE AND MY 2000 VOLVO S40 BEGAN TO ACCELERATE ON ITS OWN. IT REVVED UP TO 3000 RPMS AND I HAD TO PRESS HARD ON THE BRAKE FOR IT TO STOP. I PULLED OVER IN THE GARAGE AND PLACED THE CAR IN PARK. THE CAR CONTINUED TO REV. I STEPPED ON THE GAS A COUPLE OF TIMES AND AFTER ABOUT 4 MINUTES IT RETURNED TO ITS NORMAL OPERATING RPM AFTER WHICH I WAS ABLE TO PARK THE CAR. *TR
Mileage: 95,000
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 VOLVO S40. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE WOULD SPORADICALLY ACCELERATE INDEPENDENTLY. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE THROTTLE WAS REPLACED IN 2008 AND THE FAILURE DID NOT RECUR UNTIL 2010. MOST RECENTLY, THE CONTACT WAS ENTERING A PARKING LOT WHEN THE VEHICLE ABNORMALLY ACCELERATED. THE CONTACT WAS ABLE TO STOP THE VEHICLE BY SHIFTING INTO PARK. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED AND THE CONTACT WAS INFORMED THAT HER MODEL WAS NOT INVOLVED IN ANY RECALLS THEREFORE ANY REPAIRS WOULD BE AT HER EXPENSE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE VIN WAS NOT AVAILABLE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 88,000 AND THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 98,000.
Mileage: 88,000
MY 2000 VOLVO S40 HAD ANOTHER UNINTENDED ACCELERATION EPISODE ON APRIL 12, 2010 (I FILED A PREVIOUS COMPLAINT #10288666 IN OCT 2009). ON THE HIGHWAY IT WOULD GO 60 MPH WITHOUT DEPRESSING THE GAS PEDAL (AND NO IT WAS NOT STUCK AND THERE WAS NO FLOOR MAT IN THE WAY). THE LAST TIME THIS OCCURRED WAS SIX OR SEVEN MONTHS EARLIER. THE ECT SENSOR WAS REPLACED AT THAT TIME. THIS LAST TIME THE VOLVO MEMPHIS DEALERSHIP REPLACED THE ECT SENSOR AND IT HAS NOT OCCURRED AGAIN.....YET. THIS WAS THE THIRD ECT SENSOR REPLACED IN ABOUT A YEAR'S TIME. I ASKED THAT VOLVO CORPORATE BE INVOLVED TO CHECK OUT WHY THIS WAS HAPPENING. THEY HAD A FIELD TECHNICIAN RIDE IN THE CAR WITH ME AND CHECK IT OUT. BASICALLY THEY SHARED NO REASON FOR THE RECURRENT REPLACEMENT OF THE ECT SENSOR AND EVEN THOUGH I CONTINUED TO TRY TO GET AN ANSWER (AND REIMBURSEMENT FOR THE REPEAT REPAIRS). THIS IS ONE OF THE EMAILS I RECEIVED FROM THE VOLVO INVESTIGATOR AFTER THEIR INSPECTION AND MY CONTINUED DISSATISFACTION WITH NO
Mileage: 135,000
UNINTENDED ACCELERATION OCCURRED WITH CAR IN DRIVE. CAR BEGAN TO ACCELERATE SLOWLY INCREASING SPEED WITH FOOT OFF ACCELERATOR. PULLED UP ON ACCELERATOR WITH NO RESULTS. PUT CAR INTO NEUTRAL AND RPM INCREASED TO 6000 RPM THEN BACK TO 750 IDLE SPEED. BACK INTO DRIVE AND ENGINE ACCELERATED AGAIN. ENGINE SHUT OFF VIA KEY THEN IT WOULDN'T START AGAIN. CRANKED BUT WOULD NOT TURN OVER. DEALER REPLACED ECT BECAUSE OF FAILURE OF PART. *TR
Mileage: 88,000
UNINTENDED ACCELERATION OCCURRED WITH CAR IN DRIVE. CAR BEGAN TO ACCELERATE SLOWLY INCREASING SPEED WITH FOOT OFF ACCELERATOR. PULLED UP ON ACCELERATOR WITH NO RESULTS. PUT CAR INTO NEUTRAL AND RPM INCREASED TO 6000 RPM THEN BACK TO 750 IDLE SPEED. BACK INTO DRIVE AND ENGINE ACCELERATED AGAIN. ENGINE SHUT OFF VIA KEY THEN IT WOULDN'T START AGAIN. CRANKED BUT WOULD NOT TURN OVER. DEALER REPLACED ECT BECAUSE OF FAILURE OF PART. *TR
Mileage: 88,000
TURN SIGNALS WILL STOP WORKING INTERMITTENTLY. WHEN IT HAPPENS NEITHER LH NOR LH TURN SIGNAL WILL ILLUMINATE AND NEITHER EXTERIOR BULB NOR DASH INDICATOR WILL ILLUMINATE. TURNING ON THE HAZARD LIGHTS WILL JUMP START THE TURN SIGNALS TO WORK AGAIN. TURN SIGNAL RELAY (UNDER DASH NEAR DRIVER KICK PANEL) HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH NO IMPROVEMENT. USED TO ONLY HAPPEN ON VERY HOT DAYS. NOW HAPPENS REGARDLESS THE AMBIENT TEMP. *TR
Mileage: 90,000
Data as of 2025. Sources: NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) complaints database, NHTSA recall campaign API, NHTSA NCAP crash-test ratings, and NHTSA FARS for fatality cross-reference.
Read our methodology — how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.