Total Complaints
139 filings
OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE · model year
139 NHTSA complaints, 3 crash reports, and 8 active recalls for this specific cohort.
NHTSA overall rating
Not crash-tested
New Car Assessment Program
The 2000OLDSMOBILESILHOUETTE carries 139 consumer safety complaints in NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation database for this specific model-year cohort. Within that volume, owners reported 3 crashes, 4 fires, 9 injuries, and 0 fatalities. No NCAP 5-star crash-test rating is available for this model year in the federal database.
Component-level analysis is where model-year complaints become actionable: the top complaint category for the 2000 SILHOUETTE is structure:body:door with 14 filings, followed by engine and engine cooling:engine (9) and electrical system (7). Concentration in one or two component groups is the classic signature of a systemic defect; a flat distribution usually reflects normal aging, warranty complaints, or isolated build-plant variability. This model year has 8 active recall campaigns, which means the manufacturer is obligated to remedy the covered defect at no charge for the life of the vehicle — the full NHTSA campaign numbers are listed below.
NHTSA currently has 1 investigation file overlapping the 2000 SILHOUETTE. Owners comparing this cohort against neighboring years should pair the counters above with the complaint-by-year trend on the parent model page — a spike in a single year often tracks to a platform refresh, a new transmission supplier, or an updated ECU calibration. Use the related-complaint feed below to read raw owner narratives before deciding whether any pattern here affects your specific use case.
Total Complaints
139 filings
Crashes Reported
3 reports
Source
NHTSA ODI
Federal complaints database
At or below the fleet median complaint volume.
| Component | Count |
|---|---|
| STRUCTURE:BODY:DOOR | 14 |
| ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE | 9 |
| ELECTRICAL SYSTEM | 7 |
| ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:COOLING SYSTEM | 7 |
| LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:DOORS:LATCH | 6 |
| ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING | 6 |
| ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:EXHAUST SYSTEM:MANIFOLD/HEADER/MUFFLER/TAIL PIPE | 5 |
| ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:WIRING | 5 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:ANTILOCK/TRACTION CONTROL/ELECTRONIC LIMITED SLIP | 4 |
| EQUIPMENT:APPLIANCE:AIR CONDITIONER | 4 |
| ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:WIRING:FRONT UNDERHOOD | 3 |
| POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION | 3 |
| EXTERIOR LIGHTING | 3 |
| AIR BAGS | 3 |
| VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL | 3 |
FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE:DELIVERY:HOSES, LINES/PIPING, AND FITTINGS
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: MINI VANS WITH EXTENDED WHEELBASE. SOME OF THESE VEHICLES HAVE INOPERATIVE FUEL TANK ROLLOVER VALVES AND FUEL LEAKAGE WOULD EXCEED THE PERMISSIBLE AMOUNT IN A ROLLOVER TEST. THIS DOES NOT COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF FMVSS NO. 301, "FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY."
LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:DOORS:LATCH
ON CERTAIN MINIVANS EQUIPPED WITH SECOND-ROW BUCKET SEATS OR CAPTAIN'S CHAIRS AND A POWER SLIDING DOOR ON THE PASSENGER SIDE OF THE VEHICLE, A PASSENGER USING THE INTERIOR HANDLE TO OPEN THE POWER SLIDING DOOR COULD BE INJURED.
LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:DOORS:LATCH
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: 1997-2001 CHEVROLET VENTURE, PONTIAC MONTANA/TRANSPORT, AND OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE MINI VANS EQUIPPED WITH PASSENGER SIDE POWER SLIDING DOORS THAT WERE SERVICED IN CAMPAIGN 01013 (01V-067) FROM APRIL TO AUGUST 2001. ALSO 2001 CHEVROLET VENTURE, PONTIAC MONTANA, AND OLDSMOBILE SI
STEERING
DORMAN IS RECALLING 979 STEERING KNUCKLES, DORMAN P/NOS. 697-902 AND 697-903, SOLD UNDER DORMAN'S "OE SOLUTIONS<SUP>TM</SUP>" BRAND NAME, AND NAPA P/NOS. 7-8502 AND 7-8503 WHICH WERE SOLD FOR REPLACEMENT USE ON THE VARIOUS VEHICLES LISTED ABOVE. A POTENTIAL MATERIAL OR DESIGN DEFECT COULD RESULT IN
FUEL SYSTEM, OTHER:STORAGE:TANK ASSEMBLY:PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
CERTAIN DELPHI FUEL PRESSURE REGULATORS, P/NOS. FP10020-11B1, FP10026-11B1, AND FP10027-11B1, SOLD AFTER JANUARY 9, 2007, AS AFTERMARKET EQUIPMENT FOR VARIOUS PASSENGER VEHICLES LISTED ABOVE. THE UNIVERSAL PRESSURE REGULATORS (UPR) WERE PRODUCED WITHOUT AN O'RING AND RETAINER.
EXTERIOR LIGHTING:HEADLIGHTS
K2 MOTOR IS RECALLING 1,921 AFTERMARKET HEADLAMPS OF VARIOUS MODELS SOLD FOR USE ON THE ABOVE LISTED VEHICLES. THESE HEADLAMPS ARE MISSING THE AMBER SIDE REFLEX REFLECTOR WHICH FAILS TO CONFORM WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARD NO. 108, "LAMPS, REFLECTIVE DEVICES, AND A
LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:DOORS:LATCH
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: MINIVANS EQUIPPED WITH PASSENGER SIDE POWER SLIDING DOORS. THE DOOR CLOSES BUT MAY NOT BE LATCHED. IF THIS HAPPENS, THE POWER SLIDING DOOR CAN OPEN WHILE THE VEHICLE IS IN MOTION, PARTICULARLY WHEN THE VEHICLE ASCENDS A HILL, MAKES A TURN, OR TRAVELS OVER A ROUGH ROAD SURFACE
SEAT BELTS
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES, LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS, SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES, AND MINI VANS EQUIPPED WITH TRW SEAT BELT BUCKLE ASSEMBLIES. THE BUCKLE BASE OF THESE SEAT BELT ASSEMBLIES WERE NOT PROPERLY HEAT TREATED AND THEREFORE DO NOT PASS THE LOAD BEARING REQUIREMENT OF FEDERAL MOTOR VEHI
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE REFUELING THE VEHICLE, FUEL STARTED POURING OUT OF THE FILLER NECK. THE CONTACT STATED THAT REFUELING THE VEHICLE TOOK AN EXTENDED AMOUNT OF TIME TO ACCOMPLISH. ADDITIONALLY, THERE WERE SEVERAL UNKNOWN WARNING LIGHTS FLASHING ON THE INSTRUMENT PANEL. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO AN INDEPENDENT MECHANIC TO BE DIAGNOSED. THE CONTACT WAS INFORMED THAT THE O-RING AND RETAINER NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 154,000.
Mileage: 154,000
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE REFUELING THE VEHICLE, FUEL STARTED POURING OUT OF THE FILLER NECK. THE CONTACT STATED THAT REFUELING THE VEHICLE TOOK AN EXTENDED AMOUNT OF TIME TO ACCOMPLISH. ADDITIONALLY, THERE WERE SEVERAL UNKNOWN WARNING LIGHTS FLASHING ON THE INSTRUMENT PANEL. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO AN INDEPENDENT MECHANIC TO BE DIAGNOSED. THE CONTACT WAS INFORMED THAT THE O-RING AND RETAINER NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 154,000.
Mileage: 154,000
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE DRIVING 10 MPH THE VEHICLE SUDDENLY ACCELERATED WITHOUT WARNING. THE CONTACT ALSO STATED THAT THE FAILURE OCCURED A COUPLE OF TIMES PRIOR. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT TAKEN TO THE DEALER. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 130,000 AND THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 134,000.
Mileage: 130,000
POWER SLIDING DOOR LATCH ACTUATOR FAILURE. LATCH IS STUCK IN OPEN POSITION, WILL NOT LATCH. EXACT SAME PROBLEM AS DESCRIBED IN PREVIOUS RECALLS NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER: 01V067000 AND NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER: 01V264000. OLDSMOBILE STATES VEHICLE HAS BEEN REPAIRED UNDER THE RECALL ALREADY IN 2002. I PURCHASED USED WITH LOW MILES (AROUND 70K) IN 2009. VEHICLE HAS BEEN METICULOUSLY MAINTAINED AND IS IN CLOSE TO SHOWROOM CONDITION AS YOU COULD FIND FOR A 2000. OLDSMOBILE STATES THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE REPAIR TO CONSIDER ANY ONGOING RECALLS. OLDSMOBILE INFORMS ME THAT WITH A VEHICLE OF THIS AGE, REGARDLESS OF MILEAGE OR CONDITION, MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PARTS SHOULD BE EXPECTED TO FAIL. SOMEHOW, I DON'T CONSIDER MY DOOR FLYING OPEN GOING DOWN THE ROAD TO BE JUST A MINOR FAILURE OR INCONVENIENCE. IT IS A HUGE SAFETY ISSUE, ONE THAT HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED ENOUGH THAT THERE WAS AN INITIAL RECALL, THEN A SECOND RECALL TO FIX THE FIRST RECALL. OBVIOUSLY, THIS WAS A B
Mileage: 100,000
POWER SLIDING DOOR LATCH ACTUATOR FAILURE. LATCH IS STUCK IN OPEN POSITION, WILL NOT LATCH. EXACT SAME PROBLEM AS DESCRIBED IN PREVIOUS RECALLS NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER: 01V067000 AND NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER: 01V264000. OLDSMOBILE STATES VEHICLE HAS BEEN REPAIRED UNDER THE RECALL ALREADY IN 2002. I PURCHASED USED WITH LOW MILES (AROUND 70K) IN 2009. VEHICLE HAS BEEN METICULOUSLY MAINTAINED AND IS IN CLOSE TO SHOWROOM CONDITION AS YOU COULD FIND FOR A 2000. OLDSMOBILE STATES THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE REPAIR TO CONSIDER ANY ONGOING RECALLS. OLDSMOBILE INFORMS ME THAT WITH A VEHICLE OF THIS AGE, REGARDLESS OF MILEAGE OR CONDITION, MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PARTS SHOULD BE EXPECTED TO FAIL. SOMEHOW, I DON'T CONSIDER MY DOOR FLYING OPEN GOING DOWN THE ROAD TO BE JUST A MINOR FAILURE OR INCONVENIENCE. IT IS A HUGE SAFETY ISSUE, ONE THAT HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED ENOUGH THAT THERE WAS AN INITIAL RECALL, THEN A SECOND RECALL TO FIX THE FIRST RECALL. OBVIOUSLY, THIS WAS A B
Mileage: 100,000
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE DOOR LOCK FOB RE WAS FAILING. THE DOORS COULD BE LOCKED MANUALLY USING THE KEY BUT NOT USING THE KEY FOB. THE FAILURE ALSO CAUSED THE SECURITY SYSTEM TO FAIL. THE CONTACT TOOK THE VEHICLE TO THE DEALER FOR DIAGNOSTIC TESTING BUT THE TEST PRODUCED NO FAILURE CODES. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE CONSUMER STATED THE REMOTE KEY FOB WAS BARELY FUNCTIONALLY. UPDATED 11/28/11
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE WAS SEVERELY OVER HEATING MAKING IT IMPOSSIBLE TO DRIVE. A PRIVATE MECHANIC REPLACED THE WATER PUMP AND THERMOSTAT IN MARCH 2011 HOWEVER, THE VEHICLE CONTINUED TO OVERHEAT. THE DEALER ADVISED THE CONTACT TO BRING THE VEHICLE IN FOR DIAGNOSTIC TESTING BUT THE VEHICLE WAS NOT INSPECTED. THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 112,000 AND THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 100,000.
Mileage: 100,000
2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE: INTAKE MANIFOLD LEAKING COOLANT. UNDERSTAND IT IS A DEFECT. REQUIRES CONSTANT ATTENTION, OIL CHANGES AND ADDITION OF COOLANT. UNDERSTAND ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS ARE A DEFECT AS WELL. HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCING THEM SINCE PURCHASE. *TR
FOG LAMP ASSEMBLIES MOUNTED IN LOWER FRONT BUMPER ARE DEFECTIVE. I FEEL THEY ARE POORLY CONSTRUCTED AS WELL. THE SOLID GLASS LENS SEPARATES FROM THE HOUSING. DRIVER SIDE FELL OFF MY VAN GOING DOWN MY STREET. UPON INSPECTION, PASSENGER SIDE FELL APART IN MY HANDS. IF THIS GLASS HOUSING WERE TO FALL OFF VEHICLE AT A HIGHER RATE OF SPEED, IT COULD POSSIBLY INJURE SOMEONE. *TR
Mileage: 58,000
I WAS NO THE FREEWAY AND THERE IS A LOT OF CONSTRUCTION SO THERE IS NO WHERE TO PULL OVER THE CAR GOT REALLY HOT. I WAS TRYING TO GET OFF THE FREEWAY AS I WAS GOING ON THE OFF RAMP THE CAR TEMP ALL THE SUDDEN WENT RED THEN ENGINE HAD STOPPED. I HAD MY GIRLS IN THE CAR. THEY WHERE VERY SCARED. COME TO FIND OUT THE HEAD GASKET WENT OUT FOR THE SECOND TIME. IT WENT OUT JUST AFTER I BOUGHT THE CAR IT WAS AT 41000 MILE NOW AT 120000 IT GOES OUT AGAIN IT IS NOW GOING TO COST ME ANOTHER $1700 TO FIX IT. I HAVE READ A LOT OF COMPLAINTS ABOUT THIS PROBLEM WHY HAVE YOU NOT LOOK IN TO THIS PROBLEM. IS IT A SAFETY PROBLEM THESE CAR HEAT UP INSTEADLY AN THE ENGINE HAS A FAIL SAFE THAT SHUTS IT OFF. IF IT WOULD HAVE SHUT OFF A FEW MOMENTS EARLIER I WOULD HAVE STILL BEEN ON THE FREEWAY AND I WOULD HAVE BEEN HIT. *TR
Mileage: 120,000
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE. WHENEVER THE CONTACT FILLED UP HIS VEHICLE WITH GASOLINE, HE NOTICED THAT THE FUEL GAUGE DISPLAYED THE INCORRECT AMOUNT. THE CONTACT ALSO NOTICED THAT THE FUEL GAUGE WOULD NOT GO UNDER A HALF A TANK. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER AND THEY STATED THAT THE GAS TANK NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 63,000 AND FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 40,000.
Mileage: 40,000
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE. WHILE DRIVING AT AN UNKNOWN SPEED, THE CONTACT HEARD A KNOCKING SOUND COMING FROM THE FRONT END NEAR THE WHEELS. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER THREE TIMES AND THEY REPLACED THE FRONT PASSENGER SIDE TIRE. THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 35,554 AND FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 1,000.
Mileage: 1,000
I PULLED THE HANDLE TO OPEN THE AUTOMATIC SLIDING DOOR WHEN I DID IT OPENED AND AT THE LAST MIN MY 3 YEAR OLD DAUGHTER LEANED UP AGAINST THE BACK OF THE VAN AS THE DOOR CONTINUED TO OPEN HER HEAD GOT CAUGHT BETWEEN THE OPEN DOOR AND THE OUTSIDE OF THE VAN WE PULLED AS HAD AS WE COULD TO GET THE DOOR TO SHUT TO DISLODGE HER FROM IN BETWEEN THE OPEN DOOR AND THE OUT SIDE OF THE VAN IT FINALLY SHUT . SHE HAD BRUISING ON HER HEAD. *TR
Mileage: 150,000
WITH THE HEADLIGHT ON, THE REVERSE LIGHTS AND FLASHERS COME ON WHILE APPLYING THE BRAKES. ALSO, THE RIGHT SIDE FRONT & REAR LIGHTS AND THE HIGH MOUNT STOP LAMP FLASHES FASTER (THE HIGH MOUNT STOP LAMP SHOULD NOT FLASH AT ALL.) EVERYTHING WORKS FINE WITH THE HEADLIGHTS OFF. WE HAVE SINCE STOPPED DRIVING THE VEHICLE FOR FEAR OF A FIRE. *JB
Mileage: 142,799
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 OLDSMOBILE SILHOUETTE. THE VEHICLE HAS DAYTON 100020, SIZE P215/70/R15 TIRES. WHILE DRIVING BETWEEN 30-35 MPH, THE STEEL BELT DETACHED FROM ONE OF THE TIRES. THE CONTACT DID NOT DRIVE OVER A POTHOLE OR ANY OTHER BUMPS IN THE ROAD. HE CALLED HIS INSURANCE COMPANY AND FILED A CLAIM, WHICH COST HIM $500. THE INSURANCE COMPANY TOWED THE VEHICLE TO THE REPAIR SHOP. THE CURRENT AND FAILURE MILEAGES WERE 126,892.
Mileage: 126,892
I WAS DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD AND ALL OF A SUDDEN THE RADIO STOPPED WORKING. I THOUGHT THAT A FUSE HAD BLOWN (WHICH IT DID) SO I REPLACED IT. ABOUT 20 MILES DOWN THE ROAD IT DID IT AGAIN. WHEN I STOPPED AT MY DESTINATION I REALIZED THAT THE FUSE THAT WAS CONTINUALLY BLOWING CONTROLLED MY RADIO, THE ACTUATOR MODULE OF THE POWER SLIDING DOOR, THE NAVIGATION SYSTEM AND THE REMOTE CONTROL FOR LOCKING AND UNLOCKING MY DOORS. I MANAGED TO NARROW IT DOWN TO THE ACTUATOR MODULE THAT WAS CAUSING THE PROBLEM. I LOCKED MY MOTOR FOR THE DOOR AND HAVEN'T HAD A PROBLEM WITH IT SINCE. I GOT A FAX FROM GM AND IT SHOWS THAT THE ACUATOR MODULE HAS BEEN REPLACED 3-4 TIMES BEFORE THE CAR EVEN HAD 8500 MILES ON THE CAR. THE CABLE HAS BEEN ADJUSTED AS WELL FOR THE SAME DOOR. I DIDN'T SEE ANY RECALLS ON THE ACTUATOR ITSELF. I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO AT THIS POINT. I WOULD APPRIECIATE ANY FEED BACK AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
Mileage: 90,000
2000 OLDS SILHOUETTE 1 OWNER WITH 43000 MILES, INTAKE MANIFOLD LEAKING COOLANT, HAD TO HAVE IT REPLACED BEFORE COOLANT IN OIL DAMAGED ENGINE BEYOND REPAIR, ALSO NOISY LIFTERS. DISCOVERED THIS IS VERY COMMON PROBLEM WITH GM IGNORING A DEFECT IN THE GASKET/DESIGN OF ENGINE. CONSUMER PAYS PRICE. *NM
Mileage: 41,000
WHEN ATTEMPTING TO START VEHICLE, FIRST ATTEMPT VEHICLE WOULD START MOMENTARILY AND THEN DIE. SECOND ATTEMPT AND SUBSEQUENT ATTEMPTS, VEHICLE WOULD NOT START. HAD VEHICLE TOWED TO SERVICE SHOP AND NO PROBLEM WAS FOUND. AFTER SOME PERIOD OF TIME VEHICLE WOULD EVENTUALLY START PROPERLY. UPON FURTHER INVESTIGATION PERSONALLY, FOUND THAT THE WIRING HARNESS FROM THE FUEL TANK/PUMP HAD CORROSION IN AND/OR AROUND THE PLUG UNDER THE DRIVERS' SIDE SECOND ROW SEAT. CLEANING THE CORROSION RESOLVED PROBLEM THUS FAR.
Mileage: 44,927
DT*: THE CONTACT STATED WHILE THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED WITH A CHILD PASSENGER RESTRAINED IN A BOOSTER SEAT WITH THE RIGHT REAR SEAT BELT, THE WEBBING SHOULDER STRAP BECAME ENTANGLED AROUND THE CHILD'S NECK WITHOUT WARNING. THE CONTACT PULLED THE WEBBING STRAP UPWARD CREATING SOME SLACK WHILE A BYSTANDER UNBOLTED THE REAR SEAT BELT ASSEMBLY FREEING THE CHILD. NO INJURIES WERE SUSTAINED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED. UPDATED 10/20/2006 - *NM
Mileage: 40,000
HEADLIGHTS UNSAFE FOR NIGHTTIME DRIVING. EXCESSIVE MOISTURE BUILDUP IN THE HEADLIGHT SINCE THE VEHICLE WAS NEW HAS LED TO EXCESSIVE CLOUDING OF THE HEADLIGHT LENS. ALSO, THE PLASTIC LENS HAS BEGUN TO DISINTEGRATE AND FEELS "ROUGH" TO THE TOUCH (I.E. NO LONGER SMOOTH WHEN TOUCHING THE EXTERIOR SURFACE OF THE LENS). NIGHTTIME LIGHTING CAPABILITY HAS BEEN REDUCED BY ABOUT 60% DUE TO FAULTY HEADLIGHT LENS. VEHICLE UNSAFE FOR NIGHTTIME DRIVING. *JB
Mileage: 28,500
Data as of 2025. Sources: NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) complaints database, NHTSA recall campaign API, NHTSA NCAP crash-test ratings, and NHTSA FARS for fatality cross-reference.
Read our methodology — how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.