Total Complaints
20 filings
INFINITI M35 · model year
20 NHTSA complaints, 2 crash reports, and 6 active recalls for this specific cohort.
NHTSA overall rating
Not crash-tested
New Car Assessment Program
The 2009INFINITIM35 carries 20 consumer safety complaints in NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation database for this specific model-year cohort. Within that volume, owners reported 2 crashes, 0 fires, 0 injuries, and 0 fatalities. No NCAP 5-star crash-test rating is available for this model year in the federal database.
Component-level analysis is where model-year complaints become actionable: the top complaint category for the 2009 M35 is unknown or other with 3 filings, followed by steering (2) and electrical system (2). Concentration in one or two component groups is the classic signature of a systemic defect; a flat distribution usually reflects normal aging, warranty complaints, or isolated build-plant variability. This model year has 6 active recall campaigns, which means the manufacturer is obligated to remedy the covered defect at no charge for the life of the vehicle — the full NHTSA campaign numbers are listed below.
NHTSA currently has 7 investigation files overlapping the 2009 M35. Owners comparing this cohort against neighboring years should pair the counters above with the complaint-by-year trend on the parent model page — a spike in a single year often tracks to a platform refresh, a new transmission supplier, or an updated ECU calibration. Use the related-complaint feed below to read raw owner narratives before deciding whether any pattern here affects your specific use case.
Total Complaints
20 filings
Crashes Reported
2 reports
Source
NHTSA ODI
Federal complaints database
At or below the fleet median complaint volume.
| Component | Count |
|---|---|
| UNKNOWN OR OTHER | 3 |
| STEERING | 2 |
| ELECTRICAL SYSTEM | 2 |
| AIR BAGS | 2 |
| ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:EXHAUST SYSTEM | 1 |
| EQUIPMENT | 1 |
| SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC | 1 |
| ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE | 1 |
| SUSPENSION | 1 |
| VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL | 1 |
| ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING | 1 |
| POWER TRAIN | 1 |
| ENGINE | 1 |
| SERVICE BRAKES | 1 |
| FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE | 1 |
VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL:ACCELERATOR PEDAL
Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2006-2010 Infiniti M35 and M45 vehicles manufactured April 4, 2004, through October 5, 2010. Over time, the accelerator pedal sensor signal may deteriorate resulting in the output of an incorrect signal causing the engine to go int
AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:PASSENGER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE
Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain model year 2003-2008 Infiniti FX35 and FX45, 2003-2004 Infiniti I35, 2006-2010 Infiniti M35 and M45, and 2007-2011 Nissan Versa vehicles, originally sold, or ever registered, in Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississ
AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:PASSENGER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE
Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2012 Nissan Versa hatchbacks originally sold, or ever registered, in Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan) and the
AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:DRIVER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE
Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain air bag inflator replacement service parts that may have been installed as part of a theft or collision repair. The parts include certain passenger-side air bag inflators designed to fit Infiniti 2002-2003 QX4, 2006-2010 M35 and M45; Nissan 2
AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:PASSENGER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE
Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan) is recalling certain 2001-2003 Maxima, 2002-2006 Sentra, 2002-2004 Pathfinder, 2007-2011 Versa Sedan and Versa Hatchback, 2001-2004 Infiniti I30 and I35, 2002-2003 Inifiniti QX4, 2003-2008 Infiniti FX35 and FX45 and 2006-2010 M35 and M45 vehicles. The vehicles are
TIRES:PRESSURE MONITORING AND REGULATING SYSTEMS
NISSAN IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2008-2010 VEHICLES ORIGINALLY SOLD IN OR CURRENTLY REGISTERED IN THE STATES OF CONNECTICUT, DELAWARE, IOWA, ILLINOIS, INDIANA, MASSACHUSETTS, MAINE, MARYLAND, MICHIGAN, MINNESOTA, MISSOURI, NEW HAMPSHIRE, NEW JERSEY, NEW YORK, OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA, RHODE ISLAND,
AFTER INFINITI'S RECALL REPAIR FOR A DEFECTIVE AIRBAG, MY DASHBOARD HAS: 1. DEVELOPED CRACKS - LONGEST ~1.5" 2. STARTED TO BECOME STICKY IN PLACES AND DETERIORATE (BLACK RESIDUE) ONTO A CLOTH WHEN WIPED ONLY USING WATER 3. OTHERS HAVE CITED THESE SAME OR WORSE PROBLEMS ON WWW.CARGURUS.COM 4. NISSAN CONSUMER AFFAIRS OFFERED NO RESOLUTION
Mileage: 65,000
HELLO, JUST WANT TO LET YOU GUYS KNOW THAT MY CAR HAS A SERIOUS PROBLEM. I HAVE TAKEN TO INIFINITI AND ALSO CARMAX, WHICH IS WHERE I BOUGHT MY CAR. MY CAR TENDS TO ACCELERATE WHEN I DRIVE DOWN HILL. THE RPM IN MY CAR TENDS TO GO FROM 1 OR 2 AND IT JUMPS TO 4 OR 5. FOR THE PAST 2 YEARS I'VE BEEN TELLING THEM THAT THERE IS SOMETHING WRONG WITH THE CAR. YET THEY TELL ME THAT IT'S ME ACCELERATING THE CAR, OR THAT THE CAN'T DUPLICATE THE PROBLEM. I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO WITH MY CAR. THE IS UP TO DATE WITH ALL THE RECALLS.
MARCH 7, 2017, NISSAN AGREED TO REPLACE THE STEERING COLUMN LOCK ON THE 2009-2010 ALTIMAS AND MAXIMA DUE TO THE MALFUNCTIONING OF THE ELECTRIC STEERING COLUMN LOCK FREE OF CHARGE. I HAVE THE EXACT PROBLEM WITH MY 2009 INFINITI M35X WHICH NISSAN ALSO MAKE. THERE NEED TO BE A RECALL ON THIS ELECTRONIC PART FOR ALL INFINITI, ALTIMA, AND MAXIMA. IT COST $900 TO $1,500 TO REPLACE THE PART. I HAVE BEEN STRANDED SEVERAL TIMES. SOME TIMES IN DANGEROUS LOCATIONS LATE AT NIGHT WITH MY CHILDREN. THE CAR COST ME ENOUGH, NOW I HAVE TO BUY A PART THAT MIGHT FAIL SOON THEN I WILL HAVE TO SPEND ANOTHER GRAND OR SO. RECALL PLEASE
Mileage: 119,000
MARCH 7, 2017, NISSAN AGREED TO REPLACE THE STEERING COLUMN LOCK ON THE 2009-2010 ALTIMAS AND MAXIMA DUE TO THE MALFUNCTIONING OF THE ELECTRIC STEERING COLUMN LOCK FREE OF CHARGE. I HAVE THE EXACT PROBLEM WITH MY 2009 INFINITI M35X WHICH NISSAN ALSO MAKE. THERE NEED TO BE A RECALL ON THIS ELECTRONIC PART FOR ALL INFINITI, ALTIMA, AND MAXIMA. IT COST $900 TO $1,500 TO REPLACE THE PART. I HAVE BEEN STRANDED SEVERAL TIMES. SOME TIMES IN DANGEROUS LOCATIONS LATE AT NIGHT WITH MY CHILDREN. THE CAR COST ME ENOUGH, NOW I HAVE TO BUY A PART THAT MIGHT FAIL SOON THEN I WILL HAVE TO SPEND ANOTHER GRAND OR SO. RECALL PLEASE
Mileage: 119,000
TAKATA RECALL- DEALERS CLAIM THEY HAVE NO PARTS TO RESPOND TO THIS RECALL. THE RECALL NOTICE CLAIMS IT IS DANGEROUS TO HAVE ANYONE IN PASSENGER SEAT.
Mileage: 86,000
TL* TAKATA RECALL. THE CONTACT OWNS A 2009 INFINITI M35. THE CONTACT RECEIVED NOTIFICATION OF NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 16V349000 (AIR BAGS); HOWEVER, THE PART FOR THE RECALL REPAIR WAS UNAVAILABLE. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR THE RECALL REPAIR. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE ISSUE. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE. PARTS DISTRIBUTION DISCONNECT. UPDATED 09/22/16*LJ UPDATED 10/05/16.*JB
DASHBOARD IS WITH EXTENSIVE CRACKING AND YELLOW FOAM EXPOSED. ALSO DASHBOARD IS STICKY TO TOUCH WITH SHINY APPEARANCE.
Mileage: 36,000
EVERY TIME UPON FILLING THE FUEL TANK THE IN-DASH GAUGE DOES NOT REGISTER THE FULL AMOUNT. AFTER DRIVING A WHILE EVENTUALLY IT DOES CREEP BACK UP BUT NOT TO FULL. THE PROBLEM SEEMS TO BE PROGRESSIVELY GETTING WORSE. THE PROBLEM APPEARS TO BE IN THE SENSORS IN THE FUEL TANK, JUST GUESSING, BECAUSE ALL THE OTHER IN DASH GAUGES SEEM TO BE WORKING FINE. *TR
Mileage: 62,000
EVERY TIME UPON FILLING THE FUEL TANK THE IN-DASH GAUGE DOES NOT REGISTER THE FULL AMOUNT. AFTER DRIVING A WHILE EVENTUALLY IT DOES CREEP BACK UP BUT NOT TO FULL. THE PROBLEM SEEMS TO BE PROGRESSIVELY GETTING WORSE. THE PROBLEM APPEARS TO BE IN THE SENSORS IN THE FUEL TANK, JUST GUESSING, BECAUSE ALL THE OTHER IN DASH GAUGES SEEM TO BE WORKING FINE. *TR
Mileage: 62,000
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2009 INFINITI M35. THE CONTACT STATED WHILE DECELERATING AT AN UNKNOWN SPEED, THE STEERING WHEEL SHOOK VIOLENTLY AND THE CONTACT HEARD A GRINDING NOISE COMING FROM THE FRONT END OF THE VEHICLE WHEN MAKING TURNS. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER WHO STATED THAT THE ROTORS WERE WARPED. THE DEALER WAS UNABLE TO DUPLICATE THE FAILURE OF THE GRINDING NOISE. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 32,000. THE VIN WAS NOT AVAILABLE.
Mileage: 32,000
WHILE STOPPED IN HEAVY TRAFFIC, FOLLOWING 1.5 HOURS OF VERY SLOW STOP AND GO MOVEMENT, AND WITH MY FOOT ON THE BRAKE, THE CAR ENGINE RACED AND ACCELERATED THE VEHICLE INTO THE CAR STOPPED IN FRONT OF ME. THE RESULTING COLLISION INVOLVED THREE VEHICLES STOPPED IN FRONT OF ME. *TR
Mileage: 33,000
AS I WAS ENTERING I-295 IN ATTLEBORO, MA AS I ACCELERATED TO ENTER THE HIGHWAY THE CAR STARTED BUCKING AND WOULD NOT GO FASTER THAN 40MPH. I HAD TO MANUALLY SHIFT THE CAR TO FIND A GEAR THAT WOULD NOT HAVE THE CAR BUCK. IN 4TH GEAR AND A SPEED BELOW 45MPH IT WAS OK TO DRIVE. BUT I HAD TO CONTINUE ON THE INTERSTATE AT ONLY 40 MPH. IT TURNED OUT TO BE THAT BOTH MASS AIR FLOW SENSORS FAILED. THIS FAILURE LED TO A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION HAD SOMEONE BEEN BEHIND ME THAT COULD HAVE LED TO AN ACCIDENT, OR HAD I BEEN ON THE HIGHWAY AND THE CAR STARTED BUCKING POSSIBLY A MULTIPLE CAR ACCIDENT. THE FAILURE OF BOTH MASS AIR FLOW SENSORS LEADS ME TO BELIEVE THIS IS NOT ONLY SOMETHING THAT I HAVE EXPERIENCED. THIS IS A DEFECT THAT MAY LEAD TO SERIOUS INJURY. *TR
Mileage: 65,762
AS I WAS ENTERING I-295 IN ATTLEBORO, MA AS I ACCELERATED TO ENTER THE HIGHWAY THE CAR STARTED BUCKING AND WOULD NOT GO FASTER THAN 40MPH. I HAD TO MANUALLY SHIFT THE CAR TO FIND A GEAR THAT WOULD NOT HAVE THE CAR BUCK. IN 4TH GEAR AND A SPEED BELOW 45MPH IT WAS OK TO DRIVE. BUT I HAD TO CONTINUE ON THE INTERSTATE AT ONLY 40 MPH. IT TURNED OUT TO BE THAT BOTH MASS AIR FLOW SENSORS FAILED. THIS FAILURE LED TO A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION HAD SOMEONE BEEN BEHIND ME THAT COULD HAVE LED TO AN ACCIDENT, OR HAD I BEEN ON THE HIGHWAY AND THE CAR STARTED BUCKING POSSIBLY A MULTIPLE CAR ACCIDENT. THE FAILURE OF BOTH MASS AIR FLOW SENSORS LEADS ME TO BELIEVE THIS IS NOT ONLY SOMETHING THAT I HAVE EXPERIENCED. THIS IS A DEFECT THAT MAY LEAD TO SERIOUS INJURY. *TR
Mileage: 65,762
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2009 INFINITI M35. WHILE THE CONTACT WAS STOPPED WITH THE BRAKE PEDAL DEPRESSED, THE VEHICLE SUDDENLY ACCELERATED AND CRASHED INTO A POLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER WHERE THE TECHNICIAN CONCLUDED THE CONTACT HAD DEPRESSED BOTH THE BRAKE PEDAL AND ACCELERATOR PEDAL SIMULTANEOUSLY AND CAUSED THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE RECURRED FOUR DIFFERENT TIMES WHILE DRIVING AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS. THE FOURTH TIME THE VEHICLE ACCELERATED, THE VEHICLE CRASHED INTO ANOTHER VEHICLE. THERE WERE NO INJURIES REPORTED IN EITHER CRASH. A POLICE REPORT WAS FILED THE FOURTH TIME THE VEHICLE ACCELERATED. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN BACK TO THE DEALER YET THE TECHNICIANS WERE UNABLE TO DIAGNOSE THE CAUSE OF THE FAILURE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 19,000.
Mileage: 19,000
2009 INFINITI M35X (WITH LESS THAN 15,000 MILES) WILL MAKE A "HARD TURN" ON SLIGHTLY UNEVEN ROADS AND CAUSE THE VEHICLE TO GO QUICKLY TO THE LEFT OR RIGHT.. SEVERE HAZARD AND FROM WHAT I REVIEWED THERE ARE SEVERAL COMPLAINTS ALREADY ABOUT THE ISSUE. THIS IS AN ACCIDENT WAITING TO HAPPEN THAT WILL ULTIMATELY BE BLAMED ON THE GOVERNMENT FOR HAVING UNEVEN ROADS BECAUSE THE M35X WILL GO WITH THE ROAD, VERY UNPREDICTABLY AND HAPPENS ALL THE TIME. IT IS ALSO SOMEWHAT DIFFICULT TO RECOVER TO A NORMAL STEERING AFTER YOUR CAR IS BEING TAKEN OVER BY THE ROAD... THIS HAPPENS EXTREMELY FAST AND IS AN ACCIDENT WAITING TO HAPPEN WITH SERIOUS INJURIES. RESEARCH SHOWS THAT THIS IS VERY COMMON TO ALL THE INFINITI M35X PRIOR TO 2009. THE DEALER SAYS THAT THE TRACKING PROBLEM HAS BEEN KNOWN AND THAT THEY CANNOT DO ANYTHING ABOUT IT. FOR THE SAKE OF SAFETY I URGE THE NHTSA TO INVESTIGATE AND TAKE APPROPRIATE STEPS. I SERIOUSLY SUGGEST THAT THIS ISSUE BE ADDRESSED BEFORE IT BECOMES BIGGER THAN WHAT IT I
Mileage: 12,000
IN SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER OF 2010 MY 2009 INFINITI M35X UNEXPECTEDLY AND WITHOUT WARNING STALLED WHILE THE CAR WAS MOVING. THIS OCCURRED 3 TIMES, TWICE WITHIN A WEEK BEFORE THE CAR WAS SERVICED TO CORRECT THE PROBLEM CITED UNDER NHTSA ITEM #10032906, SERVICE BULLETIN # ITB-10-014 AND ONCE AFTER THE VEHICLE WAS SUPPOSEDLY FIXED. IN ALL THREE STALLS THE CAR WAS MOVING AT SLOW SPEED (<10MPH) AND LOW RPM. TWO OF THE STALLS OCCURED WHILE MAKING TURNS, ONE IN THE FACE OF ONCOMING TRAFFIC AND ONE IN A PARKING LOT. IN NONE OF THE THREE STALLS WAS THERE ANY DAMAGE OR INJURY. I WAS EXTREMELY LUCKY IN THAT REGARD. THE INFINITI DEALER WHERE I BOUGHT THE CAR SERVICED IT AND INFORMED ME OF THE PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AND PUBLISHED TECHNICAL SERVICE BULLETIN. THEY EXPLAINED THAT THE "FIX" WAS A FAIRLY SIMPLE REPROGRAMMING OF THE ECM. NOTWITHSTANDING THAT, THE VEHICLE STALLED AGAIN WITHIN TWO WEEKS AFTER THE FIX. I RETURNED IT BUT THE DEALER COULD NOT REPLICATE THE PROBEM. IN THE MEANTIME I CONTACTED INFINITI NA
Mileage: 20,000
2009 INFINITI M35X WILL MAKE A "HARD TURN" ON SLIGHTLY UNEVEN ROADS AND CAUSE THE VEHICLE TO GO QUICKLY TO THE LEFT OR RIGHT.. SEVERE HAZARD AND FROM WHAT I REVIEWED THERE ARE SEVERAL COMPLAINTS ALREADY ABOUT THE ISSUE. THIS IS AN ACCIDENT WAITING TO HAPPEN THAT WILL ULTIMATELY BE BLAMED ON THE GOVERNMENT FOR HAVING UNEVEN ROADS BECAUSE THE M35X WILL GO WITH THE ROAD. IT IS ALSO SOMEWHAT DIFFICULT TO RECOVER TO A NORMAL STEERING AFTER YOUR CAR IS BEING TAKEN OVER BY THE ROAD... THIS HAPPENS EXTREMELY FAST AND IS AN ACCIDENT WAITING TO HAPPEN WITH SERIOUS INJURIES. I'M A LOCAL POLICE OFFICER AND SERIOUSLY SUGGEST THAT THIS ISSUE BE ADDRESSED BEFORE IT BECOMES BIGGER THAN WHAT IT IS. *TR
Mileage: 23,000
I WAS ON AN EXIT RAMP GOING 25-30 MPH. I ATTEMPTED TO STOP AND I HAD TOTAL BRAKE FAILURE. THE BRAKES "LOCKED" AND DID NOT STOP THE CAR AT ALL. IT WAS A FREEZING COLD DAY AND THERE WAS A "DUSTING OF SNOW" ON A FEW SECTIONS OF THE ROAD. THE CAR IS AN AWD VEHICLE. I AVOIDED CRASHING INTO NUMEROUS OTHER VEHICLES BY DRIVING OFF ROAD ONTO THE GRASS. *TR
Mileage: 9,700
I PURCHASED AN 07 INFINITI M35X AND HAD SEVERAL ISSUES WITH IT. THE MAJOR ISSUE WAS DUE TO A "DRAGGING, RASP RATTLING, ROCKS IN A CAN SOUND" COMING FROM UNDERNEATH THE CAR; WHICH I FOUGHT WITH THE DEALERSHIP ON FOR OVER A YEAR. SINCE THEN; I WORKED A DEAL WITH THE NEW AND CURRENT GM ON A 09 M35 SPORT AND THE SAME RATTLING HAS AROUSED AGAIN; "ROCKS IN A CAN" SOUND COMING FROM THE CAR AFTER PUTTING JUST A COUPLE HUNDRED MILES ON IT. I BROUGHT IT BACK TO THE DEALER ON JULY 8TH; IN WHICH THEY KEPT IT FOR 3 DAYS. CHANGED OUT THE INSTALLATION AND HEAT SHIELDS; THE PROBLEMS IS STILL THERE. THERE ARE AN ABUNDANCE OF REPORTS ON THE INTERNET ABOUT THIS; WITH DEALERSHIP TECH'S GIVING CUSTOMERS DIFFERENT OPINIONS ABOUT THE ISSUE AND EVEN ADMITTING IT TO BE A KNOWN PROBLEM. THE ISSUE GETS WORST OVER A PERIOD OF TIME AND AS THE SYSTEM GETS HOTTER AND HOTTER. I'M AFRAID THAT AT SOME POINT WITH ME DRIVING THIS NEW VEHICLE; THAT SOMETHING COULD POSSIBLY GO WRONG WHILE DRIVING ON THE HIGHWAY AND CAUSE A
Mileage: 200
I PURCHASED AN 07 INFINITI M35X AND HAD SEVERAL ISSUES WITH IT. THE MAJOR ISSUE WAS DUE TO A "DRAGGING, RASP RATTLING, ROCKS IN A CAN SOUND" COMING FROM UNDERNEATH THE CAR; WHICH I FOUGHT WITH THE DEALERSHIP ON FOR OVER A YEAR. SINCE THEN; I WORKED A DEAL WITH THE NEW AND CURRENT GM ON A 09 M35 SPORT AND THE SAME RATTLING HAS AROUSED AGAIN; "ROCKS IN A CAN" SOUND COMING FROM THE CAR AFTER PUTTING JUST A COUPLE HUNDRED MILES ON IT. I BROUGHT IT BACK TO THE DEALER ON JULY 8TH; IN WHICH THEY KEPT IT FOR 3 DAYS. CHANGED OUT THE INSTALLATION AND HEAT SHIELDS; THE PROBLEMS IS STILL THERE. THERE ARE AN ABUNDANCE OF REPORTS ON THE INTERNET ABOUT THIS; WITH DEALERSHIP TECH'S GIVING CUSTOMERS DIFFERENT OPINIONS ABOUT THE ISSUE AND EVEN ADMITTING IT TO BE A KNOWN PROBLEM. THE ISSUE GETS WORST OVER A PERIOD OF TIME AND AS THE SYSTEM GETS HOTTER AND HOTTER. I'M AFRAID THAT AT SOME POINT WITH ME DRIVING THIS NEW VEHICLE; THAT SOMETHING COULD POSSIBLY GO WRONG WHILE DRIVING ON THE HIGHWAY AND CAUSE A
Mileage: 200
Complete loss of motive power due to engine failure
Occupant Classification System Failure
Improper Frontal Air Bag Deployment
Steering column separation
Collision Mitigation System Malfunction
Data as of 2025. Sources: NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) complaints database, NHTSA recall campaign API, NHTSA NCAP crash-test ratings, and NHTSA FARS for fatality cross-reference.
Read our methodology — how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.